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来源：500快三2023-12-14 17:48

500快三

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

全球至少一半冰川将在本世纪消失******

　　地球冰川在21世纪将如何演变？这一问题决定着海平面的上升幅度，对全球应对和适应气候变化至关重要。在近日发表于《科学》杂志的新研究中，法国图卢兹空间地球物理学和海洋学研究实验室领衔的国际团队揭示了比之前预测的更大的冰川质量损失，全球温度升高与冰川质量损失之间存在线性关系。

　　根据该团队的研究，至本世纪末，地球全部215000座冰川（格陵兰和南极冰盖除外）的质量与2015年相比可能减少26%至41%。这一损失相较此前的预测增加了14%到23%，进一步印证了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）最新版报告的有关预测。

　　全球80%的冰川都是小于1平方公里的小型冰川，受气候变化影响，它们更容易遭受质量损失。根据本世纪末升温1.5℃的情景，预计到2100年全球49%的冰川，包括绝大多数小冰川将消失，并导致海平面上升9厘米。该情景之下，最大的冰川也将受到影响，但1.5℃目标被视为遥不可及。如果温度上升达到4℃，大小冰川都会受到严重影响，全球冰川数量将下降83%，并导致海平面上升15.4厘米。

　　此外，各地区冰川消融速度存在差异，中低纬度地区的冰川受影响最大，特别是中欧、高加索、斯堪的纳维亚、亚洲北部、加拿大西部、美国和新西兰。这些地区的冰川将在气温升高2℃的情况下经历强烈的冰消作用，并且在升温达3℃时几乎完全消融。以阿尔卑斯山为例，如果全球升温1.5℃，其高山冰川的质量可能损失85%，如果升温4℃，则会损失99%。

　　为了更准确预测冰川消融情况，该团队依赖于一项新研究观察结果。该研究量化了2000—2019年期间全球冰川质量损失的普遍性和加速情况。这些信息使校准数学模型成为可能，该模型收录了地球上现存的全部21.5万个冰川。此外，该模型还考虑了此前忽略的影响因素，如与冰山崩解相关的质量损失，以及覆盖在冰川表面的碎片对其消融的影响等。

　　该研究指出，最大的冰川，如阿拉斯加、加拿大北极地区或南极洲周围的冰川，是未来海平面上升的关键，仍可以通过实施遏制温度上升的措施以减少其质量损失。（记者李宏策）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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